Hm.. For a start, I immediately think allowing prayer in school won't make anyone more tolerant. It doesn't make sense to me that anyone would think it does, but if anyone do, I invite them to present their opinion. I find it amusing it's put together with discussion of religion in the same question.
About discussion of religion...
It's been said several times now, but yes, I agree to an objective discussion about religion, void of any attempt to evangelise for any particular religion, and including all the sides to each religion, good and bad. That would foster a deeper understanding of religion in general, but does it change the tolerance of kids really?
I don't necessarily think so, which is why I sat on the fence. There is more to just the nature of the discussion to consider if the goal is to make kids more tolerant.
For instance, I think it's more than just the knowledge of other religions that would make a person more tolerant. Let's suppose a class full of Christians (for example), and a discussion like what is being suggested in this thread happens... While some may become more tolerant as intended, I think there will be some more resistant to becoming more tolerant because the perspective in the class would only be from those of Christians. There can be discussions about the perspective of people of other faith, but without an actual example to relate that perspective to them, I don't think it will be as persuasive. Hence, the make-up of the discussion group is a factor to think about.
Additionally, religion isn't exactly a choice for most of us. Usually, our families are involved in that particular religion, assuming they had any. When you were born, it's very likely your parents chose your religion. Bringing you up with that choice of religion, I think it's even more likely they
shape your perception of religion in a way that's skewed towards the choice they made. That said, wouldn't there be a sort of defensiveness provoked in children with more religious background when their religion is 'attacked', and a sort of self-justification when they hear of the bad in other religions? Hence, managing the likely more biased perceptions from people with more religious backgrounds is another factor.
Do consider also the difficulty of conducting such a discussion. The person leading the discussion would have to remain objective and at the same time manage the biased perceptions of both the kids and their parents (when the kids tell their parents about the discussion). They would also have to have in-depth knowledge about a complicated subject, and not just of one religion, but
multiple religions. That is a lot of information to learn about, to the point I would think it's not just content-heavy for the discussion leader (or maybe
leaders, to help share the burden of teaching so much) but also the students, who on top of this new information has to balance it with their standard curriculum.
The way the discussion goes is especially important, but with these factors, it's especially tedious to conduct. I believe it would inevitably require a lot of resources, and the repercussions of a poorly conducted one might be more than schools are willing to handle.
The education system should include the discussion of ideas. Separating religion from education just because it's a sensitive subject and has "followers" is just another form of tyranny. Push religion into the closet, and you end up with ignorant kids....
I've never seen a problem solved by the prohibition of information.
I agree with those views, but I think it's not that the education system refuses to include these. It's just that the problem of poor tolerance of other religions is not serious enough that
enough people are demanding a solution for it. I tend to think of it in simple economics terms. Without the demand, there won't be supply. And this problem being complex enough to necessitate quite a lot of resources to resolve... Unless the demand is really evident, and can raise their popularity, I suppose not.